Pipes and pipe components can be chemically cleaned internally and externally using the following processes:

• Degreasing: to remove oil, grease and coatings
• Pickling: to remove oxide layers, annealing and mill scale, and corrosion
• Phosphating: treatment with a hot phosphoric acid solution to prevent rust (temporarily)
• Oiling: internal and/or external oiling and provision of caps to prevent new contamination or rust formation